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The "wind tower" method, which used a blast of cold air to dramatically shorten the drop necessary and was patented in 1848 by the T.O LeRoy Company of New York City, meant that tall shot towers became unnecessary, but many were still constructed into the late 1880s, and two surviving examples date from 19. Large shot which could not be made by the shot tower was made by tumbling pieces of cut lead sheet in a barrel until round. Use of shot towers replaced earlier techniques of casting shot in moulds, which was expensive, or of dripping molten lead into water barrels, which produced insufficiently spherical balls.
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The same year, Watts extended his house in Redcliffe to build the first shot tower. The process was invented by William Watts of Bristol, England, and patented in 1782. Jackson Ferry Shot Tower in Wythe County, Virginia, US History
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Polishing with a small amount of graphite is necessary for lubrication and to prevent oxidation. A shot tower with a 40-meter drop can produce up to #6 shot (nominally 2.4mm in diameter) while an 80-meter drop can produce #2 shot (nominally 3.8mm in diameter). The maximum size is limited by the height of the tower, because larger shot sizes must fall farther to solidify. To make larger shot sizes, a copper sieve with larger holes is used. A slightly inclined table is used for checking roundness. The now fully cooled balls are checked for roundness and sorted by size those that are "out of round" are remelted. The partially cooled balls are caught at the floor of the tower in a water-filled basin. The liquid lead forms tiny spherical balls by surface tension, and solidifies as it falls. In a shot tower, lead is heated until molten, then dropped through a copper sieve high in the tower. The shot is primarily used for projectiles in shotguns, and for ballast, radiation shielding, and other applications for which small lead balls are useful. How a shot tower works The Dubuque, Iowa shot towerĪ shot tower is a tower designed for the production of small-diameter shot balls by free fall of molten lead, which is then caught in a water basin. Tower used for the production of lead balls
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